singleapplication_p.cpp

// Copyright (c) Itay Grudev 2015 - 2023
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// Permission is not granted to use this software or any of the associated files
// as sample data for the purposes of building machine learning models.
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.

//
//  W A R N I N G !!!
//  -----------------
//
// This file is not part of the SingleApplication API. It is used purely as an
// implementation detail. This header file may change from version to
// version without notice, or may even be removed.
//

#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstddef>

#include <QtCore/QDir>
#include <QtCore/QThread>
#include <QtCore/QByteArray>
#include <QtCore/QDataStream>
#include <QtCore/QElapsedTimer>
#include <QtCore/QCryptographicHash>
#include <QtNetwork/QLocalServer>
#include <QtNetwork/QLocalSocket>

#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 10, 0)
#include <QtCore/QRandomGenerator>
#else
#include <QtCore/QDateTime>
#endif

#include "singleapplication.h"
#include "singleapplication_p.h"

#ifdef Q_OS_UNIX
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <pwd.h>
#endif

#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    #ifndef NOMINMAX
        #define NOMINMAX 1
    #endif
    #include <windows.h>
    #include <lmcons.h>
#endif

SingleApplicationPrivate::SingleApplicationPrivate( SingleApplication *q_ptr )
    : q_ptr( q_ptr )
{
    server = nullptr;
    socket = nullptr;
    memory = nullptr;
    instanceNumber = 0;
}

SingleApplicationPrivate::~SingleApplicationPrivate()
{
    if( socket != nullptr ){
        socket->close();
        delete socket;
    }

    if( memory != nullptr ){
        memory->lock();
        auto *inst = static_cast<InstancesInfo*>(memory->data());
        if( server != nullptr ){
            server->close();
            delete server;
            inst->primary = false;
            inst->primaryPid = -1;
            inst->primaryUser[0] =  '\0';
            inst->checksum = blockChecksum();
        }
        memory->unlock();

        delete memory;
    }
}

QString SingleApplicationPrivate::getUsername()
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
      wchar_t username[UNLEN + 1];
      // Specifies size of the buffer on input
      DWORD usernameLength = UNLEN + 1;
      if( GetUserNameW( username, &usernameLength ) )
          return QString::fromWCharArray( username );
#if QT_VERSION < QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 10, 0)
      return QString::fromLocal8Bit( qgetenv( "USERNAME" ) );
#else
      return qEnvironmentVariable( "USERNAME" );
#endif
#endif
#ifdef Q_OS_UNIX
      QString username;
      uid_t uid = geteuid();
      struct passwd *pw = getpwuid( uid );
      if( pw )
          username = QString::fromLocal8Bit( pw->pw_name );
      if ( username.isEmpty() ){
#if QT_VERSION < QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 10, 0)
          username = QString::fromLocal8Bit( qgetenv( "USER" ) );
#else
          username = qEnvironmentVariable( "USER" );
#endif
      }
      return username;
#endif
}

void SingleApplicationPrivate::genBlockServerName()
{
#ifdef Q_OS_MACOS
    // Maximum key size on macOS is PSHMNAMLEN (31).
    QCryptographicHash appData( QCryptographicHash::Md5 );
#else
    QCryptographicHash appData( QCryptographicHash::Sha256 );
#endif
#if QT_VERSION < QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 3, 0)
    appData.addData( "SingleApplication", 17 );
#else
    appData.addData( QByteArrayView{"SingleApplication"} );
#endif
    appData.addData( QCoreApplication::applicationName().toUtf8() );
    appData.addData( QCoreApplication::organizationName().toUtf8() );
    appData.addData( QCoreApplication::organizationDomain().toUtf8() );

    if ( ! appDataList.isEmpty() )
        appData.addData( appDataList.join(QString()).toUtf8() );

    if( ! (options & SingleApplication::Mode::ExcludeAppVersion) ){
        appData.addData( QCoreApplication::applicationVersion().toUtf8() );
    }

    if( ! (options & SingleApplication::Mode::ExcludeAppPath) ){
#if defined(Q_OS_WIN)
        appData.addData( QCoreApplication::applicationFilePath().toLower().toUtf8() );
#elif defined(Q_OS_LINUX)
        // If the application is running as an AppImage then the APPIMAGE env var should be used
        // instead of applicationPath() as each instance is launched with its own executable path
        const QByteArray appImagePath = qgetenv( "APPIMAGE" );
        if( appImagePath.isEmpty() ){ // Not running as AppImage: use path to executable file
            appData.addData( QCoreApplication::applicationFilePath().toUtf8() );
        } else { // Running as AppImage: Use absolute path to AppImage file
            appData.addData( appImagePath );
        };
#else
        appData.addData( QCoreApplication::applicationFilePath().toUtf8() );
#endif
    }

    // User level block requires a user specific data in the hash
    if( options & SingleApplication::Mode::User ){
        appData.addData( getUsername().toUtf8() );
    }

    // Replace the backslash in RFC 2045 Base64 [a-zA-Z0-9+/=] to comply with
    // server naming requirements.
    blockServerName = QString::fromUtf8(appData.result().toBase64().replace("/", "_"));
}

void SingleApplicationPrivate::initializeMemoryBlock() const
{
    auto *inst = static_cast<InstancesInfo*>( memory->data() );
    inst->primary = false;
    inst->secondary = 0;
    inst->primaryPid = -1;
    inst->primaryUser[0] =  '\0';
    inst->checksum = blockChecksum();
}

void SingleApplicationPrivate::startPrimary()
{
    // Reset the number of connections
    auto *inst = static_cast <InstancesInfo*>( memory->data() );

    inst->primary = true;
    inst->primaryPid = QCoreApplication::applicationPid();
    qstrncpy( inst->primaryUser, getUsername().toUtf8().data(), sizeof(inst->primaryUser) );
    inst->checksum = blockChecksum();
    instanceNumber = 0;
    // Successful creation means that no main process exists
    // So we start a QLocalServer to listen for connections
    QLocalServer::removeServer( blockServerName );
    server = new QLocalServer();

    // Restrict access to the socket according to the
    // SingleApplication::Mode::User flag on User level or no restrictions
    if( options & SingleApplication::Mode::User ){
        server->setSocketOptions( QLocalServer::UserAccessOption );
    } else {
        server->setSocketOptions( QLocalServer::WorldAccessOption );
    }

    server->listen( blockServerName );
    QObject::connect(
        server,
        &QLocalServer::newConnection,
        this,
        &SingleApplicationPrivate::slotConnectionEstablished
    );
}

void SingleApplicationPrivate::startSecondary()
{
  auto *inst = static_cast <InstancesInfo*>( memory->data() );

  inst->secondary += 1;
  inst->checksum = blockChecksum();
  instanceNumber = inst->secondary;
}

bool SingleApplicationPrivate::connectToPrimary( int msecs, ConnectionType connectionType )
{
    QElapsedTimer time;
    time.start();

    // Connect to the Local Server of the Primary Instance if not already
    // connected.
    if( socket == nullptr ){
        socket = new QLocalSocket();
    }

    if( socket->state() == QLocalSocket::ConnectedState ) return true;

    if( socket->state() != QLocalSocket::ConnectedState ){

        while( true ){
            randomSleep();

          if( socket->state() != QLocalSocket::ConnectingState )
            socket->connectToServer( blockServerName );

          if( socket->state() == QLocalSocket::ConnectingState ){
              socket->waitForConnected( static_cast<int>(msecs - time.elapsed()) );
          }

          // If connected break out of the loop
          if( socket->state() == QLocalSocket::ConnectedState ) break;

          // If elapsed time since start is longer than the method timeout return
          if( time.elapsed() >= msecs ) return false;
        }
    }

    // Initialisation message according to the SingleApplication protocol
    QByteArray initMsg;
    QDataStream writeStream(&initMsg, QIODevice::WriteOnly);

#if (QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 6, 0))
    writeStream.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_5_6);
#endif

    writeStream << blockServerName.toLatin1();
    writeStream << static_cast<quint8>(connectionType);
    writeStream << instanceNumber;
#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 0, 0)
    quint16 checksum = qChecksum(QByteArray(initMsg.constData(), static_cast<quint32>(initMsg.length())));
#else
    quint16 checksum = qChecksum(initMsg.constData(), static_cast<quint32>(initMsg.length()));
#endif
    writeStream << checksum;

    return writeConfirmedMessage( static_cast<int>(msecs - time.elapsed()), initMsg );
}

void SingleApplicationPrivate::writeAck( QLocalSocket *sock ) {
    sock->putChar('\n');
}

bool SingleApplicationPrivate::writeConfirmedMessage (int msecs, const QByteArray &msg, SingleApplication::SendMode sendMode)
{
    QElapsedTimer time;
    time.start();

    // Frame 1: The header indicates the message length that follows
    QByteArray header;
    QDataStream headerStream(&header, QIODevice::WriteOnly);

#if (QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 6, 0))
    headerStream.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_5_6);
#endif
    headerStream << static_cast <quint64>( msg.length() );

    if( ! writeConfirmedFrame( static_cast<int>(msecs - time.elapsed()), header ))
        return false;

    // Frame 2: The message
    const bool result = writeConfirmedFrame( static_cast<int>(msecs - time.elapsed()), msg );

    // Block if needed
    if (socket && sendMode == SingleApplication::BlockUntilPrimaryExit)
        socket->waitForDisconnected(-1);

    return result;
}

bool SingleApplicationPrivate::writeConfirmedFrame( int msecs, const QByteArray &msg )
{
    socket->write( msg );
    socket->flush();

    // Clamp negative msecs to -1 (Qt6's "wait forever" sentinel for waitForReadyRead)
    bool result = socket->waitForReadyRead( msecs < 0 ? -1 : msecs ); // await ack byte
    if (result) {
        socket->read( 1 );
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

quint16 SingleApplicationPrivate::blockChecksum() const
{
#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 0, 0)
    quint16 checksum = qChecksum(QByteArray(static_cast<const char*>(memory->constData()), offsetof(InstancesInfo, checksum)));
#else
    quint16 checksum = qChecksum(static_cast<const char*>(memory->constData()), offsetof(InstancesInfo, checksum));
#endif
    return checksum;
}

qint64 SingleApplicationPrivate::primaryPid() const
{
    qint64 pid;

    memory->lock();
    auto *inst = static_cast<InstancesInfo*>( memory->data() );
    pid = inst->primaryPid;
    memory->unlock();

    return pid;
}

QString SingleApplicationPrivate::primaryUser() const
{
    QByteArray username;

    memory->lock();
    auto *inst = static_cast<InstancesInfo*>( memory->data() );
    username = inst->primaryUser;
    memory->unlock();

    return QString::fromUtf8( username );
}

/**
 * @brief Executed when a connection has been made to the LocalServer
 */
void SingleApplicationPrivate::slotConnectionEstablished()
{
    QLocalSocket *nextConnSocket = server->nextPendingConnection();
    connectionMap.insert(nextConnSocket, ConnectionInfo());

    QObject::connect(nextConnSocket, &QLocalSocket::aboutToClose, this,
        [nextConnSocket, this](){
            auto &info = connectionMap[nextConnSocket];
            this->slotClientConnectionClosed( nextConnSocket, info.instanceId );
        }
    );

    QObject::connect(nextConnSocket, &QLocalSocket::disconnected, nextConnSocket, &QLocalSocket::deleteLater);

    QObject::connect(nextConnSocket, &QLocalSocket::destroyed, this,
        [nextConnSocket, this](){
            connectionMap.remove(nextConnSocket);
        }
    );

    QObject::connect(nextConnSocket, &QLocalSocket::readyRead, this,
        [nextConnSocket, this](){
            auto &info = connectionMap[nextConnSocket];
            switch(info.stage){
            case StageInitHeader:
                readMessageHeader( nextConnSocket, StageInitBody );
                break;
            case StageInitBody:
                readInitMessageBody(nextConnSocket);
                break;
            case StageConnectedHeader:
                readMessageHeader( nextConnSocket, StageConnectedBody );
                break;
            case StageConnectedBody:
                this->slotDataAvailable( nextConnSocket, info.instanceId );
                break;
            default:
                break;
            };
        }
    );
}

void SingleApplicationPrivate::readMessageHeader( QLocalSocket *sock, SingleApplicationPrivate::ConnectionStage nextStage )
{
    if (!connectionMap.contains( sock )){
        return;
    }

    if( sock->bytesAvailable() < ( qint64 )sizeof( quint64 ) ){
        return;
    }

    QDataStream headerStream( sock );

#if (QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 6, 0))
    headerStream.setVersion( QDataStream::Qt_5_6 );
#endif

    // Read the header to know the message length
    quint64 msgLen = 0;
    headerStream >> msgLen;
    ConnectionInfo &info = connectionMap[sock];
    info.stage = nextStage;
    info.msgLen = msgLen;

    writeAck( sock );
}

bool SingleApplicationPrivate::isFrameComplete( QLocalSocket *sock )
{
    if (!connectionMap.contains( sock )){
        return false;
    }

    ConnectionInfo &info = connectionMap[sock];
    if( sock->bytesAvailable() < ( qint64 )info.msgLen ){
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

void SingleApplicationPrivate::readInitMessageBody( QLocalSocket *sock )
{
    Q_Q(SingleApplication);

    if( !isFrameComplete( sock ) )
        return;

    // Read the message body
    QByteArray msgBytes = sock->readAll();
    QDataStream readStream(msgBytes);

#if (QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 6, 0))
    readStream.setVersion( QDataStream::Qt_5_6 );
#endif

    // server name
    QByteArray latin1Name;
    readStream >> latin1Name;

    // connection type
    ConnectionType connectionType = InvalidConnection;
    quint8 connTypeVal = InvalidConnection;
    readStream >> connTypeVal;
    connectionType = static_cast <ConnectionType>( connTypeVal );

    // instance id
    quint32 instanceId = 0;
    readStream >> instanceId;

    // checksum
    quint16 msgChecksum = 0;
    readStream >> msgChecksum;

#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 0, 0)
    const quint16 actualChecksum = qChecksum(QByteArray(msgBytes.constData(), static_cast<quint32>(msgBytes.length() - sizeof(quint16))));
#else
    const quint16 actualChecksum = qChecksum(msgBytes.constData(), static_cast<quint32>(msgBytes.length() - sizeof(quint16)));
#endif

    bool isValid = readStream.status() == QDataStream::Ok &&
                   QLatin1String(latin1Name) == blockServerName &&
                   msgChecksum == actualChecksum;

    if( !isValid ){
        sock->close();
        return;
    }

    ConnectionInfo &info = connectionMap[sock];
    info.instanceId = instanceId;
    info.stage = StageConnectedHeader;

    if( connectionType == NewInstance ||
        ( connectionType == SecondaryInstance &&
          options & SingleApplication::Mode::SecondaryNotification ) )
    {
        Q_EMIT q->instanceStarted();
    }

    writeAck( sock );
}

void SingleApplicationPrivate::slotDataAvailable( QLocalSocket *dataSocket, quint32 instanceId )
{
    Q_Q(SingleApplication);

    if ( !isFrameComplete( dataSocket ) )
        return;

    const QByteArray message = dataSocket->readAll();

    writeAck( dataSocket );

    ConnectionInfo &info = connectionMap[dataSocket];
    info.stage = StageConnectedHeader;

    Q_EMIT q->receivedMessage( instanceId, message);
}

void SingleApplicationPrivate::slotClientConnectionClosed( QLocalSocket *closedSocket, quint32 instanceId )
{
    if( closedSocket->bytesAvailable() > 0 )
        slotDataAvailable( closedSocket, instanceId  );
}

void SingleApplicationPrivate::randomSleep()
{
#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK( 5, 10, 0 )
    QThread::msleep( QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded( 8u, 18u ));
#else
    qsrand( QDateTime::currentMSecsSinceEpoch() % std::numeric_limits<uint>::max() );
    QThread::msleep( qrand() % 11 + 8);
#endif
}

void SingleApplicationPrivate::addAppData(const QString &data)
{
    appDataList.push_back(data);
}

QStringList SingleApplicationPrivate::appData() const
{
    return appDataList;
}