[XadillaX]

Summary

fs.glob(), fs.globSync(), and fs.promises.glob() always decoded
results as UTF-8. On a filename that is not valid UTF-8, the bytes were
lost at the native-to-JavaScript boundary and could not be recovered
with Buffer.from(), even though the rest of fs supports Buffer paths.

• Add an encoding option (default 'utf8'). With 'buffer', matched
  paths are returned as Buffer objects preserving the raw filename
  bytes.
• With withFileTypes, the Dirent name/parentPath and the values
  passed to exclude callbacks use the requested encoding.
• Traversal and filesystem calls (including the lstat used for path
  callbacks) keep operating on the original raw paths; encoding is
  applied only when crossing into JavaScript.
• Validate encoding and document the option for all three APIs.

Tests

• New test/parallel/test-fs-glob-encoding.mjs covering all three
  entry points across encodings, Dirent fields, exclude callbacks,
  relative/root cwd, iterator batching, and (on Linux) filenames
  containing raw non-UTF-8 bytes including read-back through the
  returned Buffer paths.
• Existing glob, path.glob, glob syntax, permission, and watch-ignore
  suites remain green.

Fixes: #59202

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 86.84211% with 15 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.50%. Comparing base (1d5f8e6) to head (202605f).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/glob/node_glob.cc	81.53%	3 Missing and 9 partials ⚠️
src/glob/glob_walker.cc	87.50%	2 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #66856   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   90.50%   90.50%           
=======================================
  Files         797      797           
  Lines      278196   278269   +73     
  Branches    53453    53470   +17     
=======================================
+ Hits       251772   251850   +78     
+ Misses      16797    16787   -10     
- Partials     9627     9632    +5     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/fs/glob.js	97.94% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
src/glob/glob_walker.h	100.00% <ø> (ø)
src/glob/node_glob.h	42.85% <ø> (ø)
src/glob/glob_walker.cc	86.07% <87.50%> (+0.47%)	⬆️
src/glob/node_glob.cc	76.19% <81.53%> (+0.73%)	⬆️

... and 27 files with indirect coverage changes

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.